List of test questions for the course: "Immunology" for second-year students majoring in "Dentistry" for the 2026/2027 academic year
- History of the development of immunology.
- Immunology as a medico-biological science.
- Antigen, definition, properties of antigens.
- Antigens, classification of antigens.
- Antigens. Structure of antigens. Haptens.
- The concept of T-dependent and T-independent antigens. Superantigens.
- Types of immunity.
- Immune system: primary (central) and secondary (peripheral) organs.
- The concept of infection. Conditions for the development of an infectious process in the oral cavity.
- The role of external factors in the development of infection.
- The role of the state of the macroorganism in the occurrence of infection and the development of immunity.
- Pirogov-Waldeyer ring, structural components, its role in dental practice.
- MALT-System, classification, its role in immunity.
- Innate immunity, definition. Classification of factors of innate immunity.
- Cellular factors of innate immunity.
- Macrophages and neutrophils, their function in immunity.
- The phagocytic process, characteristics of stages. Incomplete phagocytosis.
- Lysozyme, role in immunity. Mechanism of action.
- Immunocompetent cells, origin, maturation, functions.
- Major histocompatibility complex.
- Antigen-presenting cells.
- Mechanisms of antigen presentation and recognition. The concept of immune cell surface markers.
- Immune system mediators. Cytokines. Classification.
- Interferons, their characteristics.
- The complement system. The classical, alternative, mannose-binding lectin pathways of complement activation.
- Cellular, Th-1 mediated immunity.
- T-lymphocytes, differentiation of T- lymphocytes.
- Humoral, Th-2 mediated immunity.
- B-lymphocytes, differentiation of B- lymphocytes, role in immunity.
- Genetic control of the immune response.
- Effector reactions of adaptive immunity.
- Anti-infectious immunity.
- Features of immunity in bacterial infections.
- Features of immunity in viral infections.
- Immunoglobulins classes M, G, their dynamics during infections, characteristics.
- Immunoglobulins class A, serum and secretory. Role in local immunity.
- Immunological tolerance: definition, formation, role.
- Mechanisms of development of autoimmune diseases.
- Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Causes leading to their development, diagnosis, and treatment methods. T
- The concept of allergies. Types of allergens.
- Types of allergic reactions.
- Immediate hypersensitivity. Reaction mechanism. The concept of atopy.
- Delayed hypersensitivity. Reaction mechanism.
- Skin allergy tests.
- Anaphylactic shock. Emergency care.
- Features of antitumor immunity.
- Features of antiviral immunity.
- Transplantation immunity. Histocompatibility antigens and their importance.
- Composition and classification of vaccines.
- Immunomodulators. Indications for use.